終於把The Vegetarian(《素食者》,韓文 채식주의자,漢字是「菜食主義者」)這本怪怪的書看完了,這本書是從韓文翻譯成英文的書,看來譯者有特別挑過一些字眼,篇幅不長但讀起來很費力,而且譯者似乎為了保留原文的一些味道,很多子句的擺放位置都不很「英文」,甚至還有把形容詞子句獨立出來變成一個不完整的句子也有,很顯然是要維持原文強調的感覺,又不想讓句子顯得過於冗長。
雖然讀起來很痛苦,但不得不說譯者翻得很好,有深度的文字跟精心排過的句構讀來引人入勝。我有看到中文本的書評說「文字淺顯易懂」,很顯然英文一點都不是,這比我看到很多第一語言英文的小說用詞還要深,句構還要複雜,讀到偏頭痛真不是我在誇張。
例如有這樣的句子:
Forever, he gasped, all of this forever, as an unendurable sense of satiation shuddered through his body and she burst into tears. She who hadn’t let slip a single moan in close to thirty minutes, whose lips had merely trembled at times, who had kept her eyes closed and communicated her keen ecstasy to him purely through the movements of her body.
很明顯譯者為了要保留原文的強調意味,把這個形容詞子句(形容前面的 "She")獨立了出來,成為一個片段。
雖然名為素食者,但素食只是個引子,也許作者有要批判韓國社會對素食者的歧視,但應該只是她想要表達很小的一部份。第一章是主角丈夫的視角,第二章是主角姊夫的視角,第三章是主角姊姊的視角。結果主角自己都沒有聲音,她已經不管自己看自己,裡面的角色看她,還是讀者看她,從裡到外都變成一棵樹了。
第一章讓人覺得最怪,也是覺得這本書很有趣的開始;到了第二章就好像在看蔡明亮的電影,總是美的,美得怪怪的,可是又有點緩慢,慢到讓讀者覺得悶,直到最後才像小說一般,有個高潮爆了開來。
第三章特別揪心,每個精神病患家裡好像都必須有人是清醒的,其他的要不是瘋了就是逃跑消失了,主角的姊姊獨自承擔下這個分崩離析的家庭跟不知是童年陰影還是家裡多少帶有一點類似基因而造成的瘋癲,她不斷地在瘋與不瘋之間來回,好幾次也搞不清楚到底她自己是瘋子還是妹妹是瘋子,是這個社會瘋了還是精神病院裡的病患瘋了,就一直到書的最後一刻也仍然沒有解答...也許姊姊面對的每一天也是很多人面對的每一天。
以下截取一些我認為頗有意思的內容:
- The paunch that started appearing in my mid-twenties, my skinny legs and forearms that steadfastly refused to bulk up in spite of my best efforts, the inferiority complex I used to have about the size of my penis—I could rest assured that I wouldn’t have to fret about such things on her account.(大肚腩在二十五歲左右開始出現,不論我多麽努力,削瘦的腿跟前臂都練不起來,我對我那陰莖的尺寸感到自卑——但我確定我不必為了討好她而去煩惱這些事。)
這本書在第一章第一頁就這麼直白...讓人更想讀讀看這麼書的內容,到底會有多「怪」。
- '[...] Now and then there’ll be someone claiming that eating meat is bad… after all, I suppose giving up meat in order to live a long life isn’t all that unreasonable, is it?'
'But surely it isn’t possible to live without eating meat?' his wife asked with a smile. - '[...] Meat eating is a fundamental human instinct, which means vegetarianism goes against human nature, right? It just isn’t natural.'
- 'People mainly used to turn vegetarian because they subscribed to a certain ideology […] in any case, the idea of a special diet always made me feel uncomfortable. It seems to me that one shouldn’t be too narrow-minded when it comes to food.'
這幾段都是主角夫婦跟公司的人聚會的談話,足以看出韓國人對於吃素的想法(人家吃什麼到底干你ㄆ事)...主角的爸爸是越戰退伍的老兵,所以可見這本書的背景大約是1980年代左右,反映的也是那時韓國的主流思想。書中後面甚至有提到女主角小時候被逼著吃肉的事情,因為(書中敘述)韓國人相信如果你被狗咬,為了要讓傷口治癒,就要把那隻咬你的狗吃掉(什麼?!(◎_◎;))。總之就是有一些小時候的創傷,造成女主角後來選擇吃素,然後什麼都不吃,從厭食到絕食,發瘋想像自己變成一棵樹。
- '[...] Your nickname used to be ‘the May priest,’ you know. After Gwangju, your art was so engagé, almost as though you were atoning for surviving the May massacre. You seemed so serious, so ascetic…all very romantic, I have to admit.'
這本書的藝術氛圍也有提到一點點的光州事件(五一八光州民主化運動),這段是主角姐夫的朋友說的話。
- In fact, after all these visits to the hospital, sometimes it’s the tranquil streets filled with so-called 'normal' people that end up seeming strange.
- She’d looked so normal that the receptionist had actually had to ask which one of them was the patient.
- Perhaps, at some point, Yeong-hye had simply let fall the slender thread that had kept her connected with everyday life.
這幾段都是在敘述主角姊姊照顧妹妹的故事。姊姊到後來也是為了維持生活搞得筋疲力盡,有時會不知道到底是堅持扛下來的自己瘋了,還是那個放飛自我的妹妹瘋了。其實正常人跟瘋子的界線可能很薄,輕鬆就跨越了(或斷線了)。更深入的史哲探究可以參考傅柯的《古典時代瘋狂史》,看看歷史上什麼時候把瘋狂從正常裡獨立了出來,變成自成一格的「瘋狂史」。
總之這本書雖然只有短短183頁,刻畫卻很細膩,適合慢慢品嘗然後感覺其中的張力,裡面探討的很多議題,包括女性壓迫、家庭暴力、社會中無所不在的歧視、瘋癲等等,讀來很無奈卻又格外真實。
參考書目:
Han Kang. The Vegetarian. Trans. Deborah Smith. London: Portobello Books, 2015.
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